Rufaa kwa Rais wa Jamuhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, Samia Suluhu Hassan, kuzuia kufukuzwa kwa jamii za wafugaji asilia katika Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro
Kwa:
Mheshimiwa, Samia Suluhu Hassan
Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania
Nakala kwa:
Mhe. Dk Freddy Safiel Manongi
Kamishna wa Hifadhi, Mamlaka ya Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro
Mhe. Dkt Damas Daniel Ndumbaro
Waziri wa Maliasili na Utalii
Mhe. Tirso Dos Santos
Mkuu wa Ofisi, Shirika la Elimu, Sayansi na Utamaduni la UN - Tanzania
Mhe. Dk. Bruno Oberle
Mkurugenzi Mkuu, Umoja wa Kimataifa wa Uhifadhi wa Asili
Mhe. Audrey Azoulay
Mkurugenzi Mkuu, Shirika la Elimu, Sayansi na Utamaduni la UN
Serikali ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania inapanga kuwaondoa wenyeji 73,000 kutoka eneo la Mamlaka ya Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro (NCA). Mnamo Aprili 12, 2021, Mamlaka ya Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro (NCA) tayari ilikuwa imeshatoa ilani ya siku 30 ya kuwaondoa wafugaji wa asili 45 wanaoishi katika Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro. NCAA inawaona kama wahamiaji haramu. Tamko lao linadai kwamba Watu wa Asili na maisha yao ya ufugaji yanahatarisha uwiano wa kiikolojia wa Eneo la Mamlaka ya Hifadhi la Ngorongoro lilisambazwa zaidi na vyombo vya habari vyenye upendeleo kwa uhifadhi”[1]
Tafiti za kitaalamu zimethibitisha kuwa ufugaji wa asili hauna athari kwa uhifadhi.[2] Sehemu zilizobaki zinazoshikilia mimea na wanyama waliobaki wa Tanzania hupatikana katika ardhi za wafugaji au katika maeneo yanayokaliwa na wafugaji.[3] “Mtazamo wa wahifadhi kwa wafugaji katika dhana yenyewe ya uhifadhi asilia. Wahifadhi wamejisahau kwamba uhifadhi ulivyo sasa umejengwa katika dhana ya uhifadhi wa kitamaduni wenyeji wafugaji asilia na njia zao za kudhibiti rasilimali muhimu.”[4]
NCAA na Wizara ya Maliasili na Utalii (MNRT) wanaendelea kushikilia fikra za kikiritimba na za wakoloni. Wanapuuza tafiti za hivi karibuni za kisayansi ambazo zinaonyesha na kudhibitisha jukumu muhimu la jamii za wafugaji asilia katika uhifadhi. Taasisi hizi za serikali zinatupilia mbali umuhimu wa kufanya mashauriano ya dhati na wafugaji asilia katika kushughulikia upotezaji wa bioanuai. NCAA na MNRT wanapuuza jukumu lao la kulinda Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro na wanajali tu kupata faida kutoka kwa utalii.
NCAA na MNRT wamekua wahusika wakubwa wa ukiukwaji kadhaa wa haki za binadamu dhidi ya jamii za wafugaji asilia, ambazo ni pamoja na kubomolewa kwa nyumba zao na vitisho dhidi ya maisha yao na mali zao. Amri ya kufukuzwa ya watu hivi karibuni, ingawa imesimamishwa kwa sasa, inatishia kuendelea na ukiukwaji huu, pamoja na uharibifu wa vituo na miundombinu vilivyojengwa na serikali kama shule, vituo vya afya, vituo vya polisi, makanisa na misikiti.
Kwa kuongezea, usalama wa watetezi asilia wa haki za binadamu, pamoja na asasi za kiraia zinazowaunga mkono na jamii zilizoathirika ziko katika hatari.
Vitisho na mashambulio ya NCAA na MNRT kwa jamii za wafugaji asilia na njia yao ya maisha zinapingana na matamanio ya Mheshimiwa, Rais Samia Suluhu Hassan, kuchukua hatua za kuhifadhi ikolojia na wanyamapori wa Eneo la Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro.
Kwa kuzingatia ongezeko la ukiukaji wa haki za binadamu dhidi ya jamii za wafugaji asilia katika Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro, tunasimama katika mshikamano nao na tunaunga mkono kikamilifu madai yao halali ya kuheshimiwa na kulindwa kwa haki zao na ustawi wa jamii hizi. Tunaungana nao kutoa wito wa haraka kwa Mheshimiwa Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, Samia Suluhu Hassan, kufanya yafuatayo:
- Kubatilisha agizo la kufukuzwa kwa kuwaondoa wananchi uliotolewa na Wizara ya Mali Asili na Utalii na Mamlaka ya Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro (NCAA), na kuhakikisha heshima na ulinzi wa haki za jamii za wafugaji asilia za kuishi, za maisha na uadilifu wa kitamaduni zinatekelezwa;
- Kutambua kwa kikamilifu na kuunga mkono maisha endelevu ya jamii za wafugaji na mifumo yao ya uhifadhi na usimamizi wa rasilimali;
- Shughulikia njaa ya jamii za wafugaji wa asili kwa kuondoa marufuku ya kilimo katika vijiji ishirini na tano na vizuizi vilivyowekwa kuzuia wafugaji na mifugo kupata malisho na maji katika eneo la uhifadhi;
- Kuunda kamati huru kuchunguza dhuluma na ukiukaji wa haki za binadamu ulioendelea kwa miongo kadhaa ambao umekua ukifanywa na Wizara ya Maliasili na Utalii na Mamlaka ya Hifadhi Ngorongoro dhidi ya jamii za wafugaji asilia; na
- Kuanzisha tume ya wadau mbalimbali itakayoundwa na wawakilishi waliochaguliwa/pendekezwa na kukubaliwa na jamii kutoka jamii za wafugaji, wanaikolojia, wataalam wa wanyamapori, na watetezi wa haki za binadamu ambao watafuatilia suala hili kwa njia inayotegemea haki za kusimamia na kuhifadhi eneo la Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro.
Tunapenda pia kuwataarifu Shirika la Umoja wa Mataifa la Elimu, Sayansi na Utamaduni (UNESCO) na Jumuiya ya Kimataifa ya Uhifadhi wa Asili (IUCN) kama washirika wa serikali ya Tanzania katika usimamizi wa Eneo la Mamlaka ya Hifadhi la Ngorongoro, juu ya dhulma ya kufukuzwa kwa jamii za wafugaji wa asili katika eneo hili. Uondoaji huu unapingana waziwazi na sera na misingi ya UNESCO na IUCN katika kuheshimu haki za watu wa asili.
Ombi hili limefungwa.
Kulikuwa na idhini kutoka kwa mashirika 124 na watu 229 kutoka nchi 51.
Mnamo tarehe 12 Mei 2021, IPRI ilituma rufaa hii kwa Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania. Unaweza kusoma barua hapa.
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*kuanzia tarehe 11 Mei 2021
**pamoja na 32 ya mtu binafsi ambaye hajafichuliwa
[1] See International Work Group on Indigenous Affairs. “Tanzania” in Indigenous World 2021, pp. 139-147. https://www.iwgia.org/en/resources/indigenous-world.html
[2] See studies from Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD): https://www.cbd.int/development/doc/cbd-good-practice-guide-pastoralism-booklet-web-en.pdf and from International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN): https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/tanzania_contry_study.pdf
[3] https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/tanzania_contry_study.pdf
[4] https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/tanzania_contry_study.pdf